Bioethical Dilemmas in Medicine: A Legal Analysis of Emerging Technologies and Patient Rights

Abstract

The rapid advancement of medical technologies in the 21st century has created unprecedented bioethical challenges that require comprehensive legal frameworks to protect patient rights while fostering innovation. This study examines the contemporary bioethical dilemmas arising from emerging medical technologies in the Indian healthcare system, analyzing the legal implications and regulatory responses. Through a systematic review of Indian legal precedents, policy documents, and comparative analysis with international frameworks, this research identifies critical gaps in the current legal architecture governing bioethical issues. The study focuses on five key areas: artificial intelligence in healthcare, gene therapy and CRISPR technology, telemedicine ethics, organ transplantation dilemmas, and end-of-life care decisions. Using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative legal analysis with quantitative assessment of regulatory compliance, this research reveals significant challenges in balancing technological advancement with patient autonomy, informed consent, and equitable access to healthcare. The findings indicate that while India has made substantial progress in establishing bioethical guidelines, the legal framework requires substantial updates to address emerging technological challenges. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature on medical jurisprudence by providing an Indian perspective on global bioethical challenges and proposing comprehensive legal reforms for the sustainable development of ethical medical practices.