The Impact of Substance Use on Commercial Drivers and its Contribution to Accident Rates in Ghana

Abstract

Background:

Substance use among commercial drivers in Ghana is a critical public health issue,

contributing significantly to road traffic accidents and fatalities. This study examines the

prevalence of substance use, its impact on driving performance, and its association with

accident rates among commercial drivers in Ghana.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was employed, combining structured surveys

(N=350 drivers) and in-depth interviews (n=30). Data were collected on substance use

patterns (ASSIST tool), accident history, and psychological/social impacts. Quantitative

data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, while qualitative

data underwent thematic analysis.

Results:

1. Prevalence: Alcohol was the most common substance (65.7%), followed by

tobacco (51.4%) and marijuana (37.1%).

2. Driving Impairment: Substance use correlated with impaired focus (38.6%),

slow reactions (28.0%), and aggressive driving (32.0%).

3. Accidents: 44.3% of drivers reported accidents, with alcohol use linked to

87.7% of cases. Major/fatal accidents were significantly associated with

substance use (p<0.01).

4. Psychosocial Impact: Substance users reported higher stress (mean=4.2), social

isolation (mean=3.5), and mental health issues (mean=3.8).

Conclusion:

Substance use severely impairs driving performance and increases accident risks among commercial drivers in Ghana. Targeted interventions—including stricter regulations,

public health campaigns, and mental health support—are urgently needed to mitigate

these effects and improve road safety.