Matua Dharma and Guruchand Thakur : A Catalyst for Social Change

Authors

Matua Dharma, a socio-religious reform movement founded in the nineteenth century

by Harichand Thakur and advanced by his son Guruchand Thakur, played a pivotal role

in addressing caste-based oppression and empowering marginalized communities in

Bengal, particularly the scheduled caste, Namasudras, by promoting education, social

equality, and religious inclusivity. Guruchand Thakur played a pivotal role in

institutionalizing these ideals and extending the movement’s influence. This paper

examines the philosophy of Matua Dharma, the contributions of Guruchand Thakur, and

their lasting impact on the socio-educational landscape of West Bengal.

Guruchand Thakur’s leadership marked a significant shift in the movement’s trajectory,

emphasizing education, land rights, and organized resistance against socio-economic

injustices. By establishing schools, fostering community identity, and engaging with

colonial authorities, Guruchand Thakur laid the groundwork for the socio-political

awakening of the Namasudras, a historically marginalized group.Rooted in principles of

equality, inclusivity, and spiritual devotion, the movement transcended religious

doctrine to become a platform for social and educational reform.

This paper delves into the philosophical underpinnings of Matua Dharma, explores

Guruchand Thakur’s transformative initiatives, and evaluates the movement’s broader

impact on caste dynamics and education in Bengal. Employing historical analysis,

textual interpretation, and case studies, the research highlights how Matua Dharma

redefined social justice and equity, leaving a legacy that continues to inspire movements

for inclusion and empowerment in contemporary India.